Forex News
- EUR/USD trades with mild gains around 1.1385 in Tuesday’s early Asian session.
- Trump said that the US will blockade Iran in the Strait of Hormuz and charge ships 20% for safe passage.
- Traders brace for the US CPI data later on Tuesday.
The EUR/USD pair posts modest gains near 1.1385 during the Asian trading hours on Tuesday. Nonetheless, the potential upside for the major pair might be limited amid renewed US military strikes against Iran. Traders will take more cues from the US June Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation data, which will be released later on Tuesday.
US President Donald Trump on Monday announced that the US is reinstating its blockade of Iranian maritime traffic and would impose a toll of 20% on all cargo being shipped through the Strait of Hormuz.
The US military has resumed strikes on Iran, including on the port city of Bandar Abbas and on the Qeshm and Kish islands. In response, Iran has struck two UAE tankers, the Mombasa and Al Bahiyah. Rising tensions in the Middle East could boost a safe-haven currency such as the Greenback and create a headwind for the major pair in the near term.
The US CPI inflation report will be published on Tuesday, which could offer some hints about the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) next move. A softer inflation outcome would delay the case for the US interest rate hikes and undermine the US Dollar (USD) against the Euro (EUR).
Euro FAQs
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
- USD/CAD slips as the commodity-linked Canadian Dollar gains on higher oil prices.
- Crude oil prices gain as Trump reinstated an Iranian blockade and imposed a 20% transit fee on other vessels securing the strait.
- The US Dollar could receive support as intensifying Middle East tensions could drive global investors into safe-haven assets.
USD/CAD continues its losing streak after remaining flat in the previous day, trading around 1.4150 during the Asian hours on Tuesday. The pair depreciates as the commodity-linked Canadian Dollar (CAD) receives support from higher oil prices. It is important to note that Canada is the largest crude exporter to the United States (US).
Crude oil prices rise due to mounting supply anxieties following a sharp escalation of geopolitical hostilities in the Middle East. US President Donald Trump has reinstated a naval blockade targeting Iranian vessels and customers transiting the Strait of Hormuz, while simultaneously announcing that all other commercial cargo passing through the strategic waterway will be subject to a 20% reimbursement fee.
President Trump asserted that the US must be financially compensated for its military efforts to secure the volatile chokepoint, pointing directly to regional nations that benefit from US protection, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait.
The USD/CAD pair’s downside remains limited as a wave of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East fuels safe-haven demand, which could drive investors back into the US Dollar (USD). At the same time, climbing crude oil prices are complicating the outlook; while higher oil typically boosts the commodity-linked Canadian Dollar (CAD), it is also triggering renewed fears that energy-driven inflation will force the Federal Reserve (Fed) to tighten policy further. Market expectations have shifted rapidly in response, with the CME FedWatch Tool now showing a 51% probability of a Fed rate hike in September, compared to just a 23% chance that rates will stay on hold.
Market participants are temporarily pausing ahead of two massive macroeconomic catalysts scheduled for Tuesday. First up is the US June Consumer Price Index (CPI) report, where analysts anticipate a divergence between a 0.1% month-on-month decline in headline inflation and a sticky 0.3% increase in the core reading. Shortly after, Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh will deliver highly anticipated congressional testimony, a session that traders will dissect word-by-word for hints on whether the central bank will validate the market's growing hawkishness.
Canadian Dollar FAQs
The key factors driving the Canadian Dollar (CAD) are the level of interest rates set by the Bank of Canada (BoC), the price of Oil, Canada’s largest export, the health of its economy, inflation and the Trade Balance, which is the difference between the value of Canada’s exports versus its imports. Other factors include market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – with risk-on being CAD-positive. As its largest trading partner, the health of the US economy is also a key factor influencing the Canadian Dollar.
The Bank of Canada (BoC) has a significant influence on the Canadian Dollar by setting the level of interest rates that banks can lend to one another. This influences the level of interest rates for everyone. The main goal of the BoC is to maintain inflation at 1-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively higher interest rates tend to be positive for the CAD. The Bank of Canada can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former CAD-negative and the latter CAD-positive.
The price of Oil is a key factor impacting the value of the Canadian Dollar. Petroleum is Canada’s biggest export, so Oil price tends to have an immediate impact on the CAD value. Generally, if Oil price rises CAD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Oil falls. Higher Oil prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance, which is also supportive of the CAD.
While inflation had always traditionally been thought of as a negative factor for a currency since it lowers the value of money, the opposite has actually been the case in modern times with the relaxation of cross-border capital controls. Higher inflation tends to lead central banks to put up interest rates which attracts more capital inflows from global investors seeking a lucrative place to keep their money. This increases demand for the local currency, which in Canada’s case is the Canadian Dollar.
Macroeconomic data releases gauge the health of the economy and can have an impact on the Canadian Dollar. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the CAD. A strong economy is good for the Canadian Dollar. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the Bank of Canada to put up interest rates, leading to a stronger currency. If economic data is weak, however, the CAD is likely to fall.
- NZD/USD catches fresh bids on Tuesday in reaction to RBNZ Conway's hawkish remarks.
- Iran risks and Fed-hike bets underpin the USD, though it does little to influence the pair.
- Traders look to the US CPI report and Fed Chair Warsh’s testimony for a fresh impetus.
The NZD/USD pair attracts some dip-buyers during the Asian session on Tuesday, stalling the previous day's retracement slide from the vicinity of the 0.5800 mark or the monthly peak touched last week. Spot prices climb to the 0.5780 area in the last hour in the wake of Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) Chief Economist Paul Conway's hawkish remarks.
In fact, Conway said that New Zealand inflation may not slow as quickly as the central bank forecasts, raising the prospect of further policy tightening following the first rate increase in three years on July 8. In fact, markets are pricing in nearly 50 basis points (bps) of additional rate hikes over the next year, which, in turn, provides a goodish lift to the New Zealand Dollar (NZD). Meanwhile, the NZD/USD pair seems unaffected by a broadly firmer US Dollar (USD).
The USD Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of currencies, hits a one-and-a-half-week top in the wake of escalating US-Iran tensions and US Federal Reserve (Fed) rate-hike bets. The US military launched a third consecutive night of strikes against Iran after President Donald Trump on Monday notified Congress that he was resuming hostilities and reimposed a blockade of Iranian ports. In response, Iran claimed that it attacked US military sites in Kuwait.
Moreover, Iranian missiles struck two UAE tankers in Omani territorial waters in the Strait of Hormuz after announcing the closure of the strategic waterway over the weekend. This, in turn, triggers a sharp rise in Crude Oil prices and reignites inflation fears, bolstering expectations that the US central bank will raise borrowing costs by the end of this year. The outlook favors the USD bulls, though it fails to hinder the NZD/USD pair's strong intraday move up.
Traders now look forward to the release of the latest US consumer inflation figures, due later during the North American session. Apart from this, Fed Chair Kevin Warsh's congressional testimony will be scrutinized for more cues about the future policy path, which, in turn, will play a key role in influencing the USD price dynamics. Nevertheless, the fundamental backdrop suggests that the path of least resistance for the NZD/USD pair remains to the upside.
New Zealand Dollar FAQs
The New Zealand Dollar (NZD), also known as the Kiwi, is a well-known traded currency among investors. Its value is broadly determined by the health of the New Zealand economy and the country’s central bank policy. Still, there are some unique particularities that also can make NZD move. The performance of the Chinese economy tends to move the Kiwi because China is New Zealand’s biggest trading partner. Bad news for the Chinese economy likely means less New Zealand exports to the country, hitting the economy and thus its currency. Another factor moving NZD is dairy prices as the dairy industry is New Zealand’s main export. High dairy prices boost export income, contributing positively to the economy and thus to the NZD.
The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) aims to achieve and maintain an inflation rate between 1% and 3% over the medium term, with a focus to keep it near the 2% mid-point. To this end, the bank sets an appropriate level of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the RBNZ will increase interest rates to cool the economy, but the move will also make bond yields higher, increasing investors’ appeal to invest in the country and thus boosting NZD. On the contrary, lower interest rates tend to weaken NZD. The so-called rate differential, or how rates in New Zealand are or are expected to be compared to the ones set by the US Federal Reserve, can also play a key role in moving the NZD/USD pair.
Macroeconomic data releases in New Zealand are key to assess the state of the economy and can impact the New Zealand Dollar’s (NZD) valuation. A strong economy, based on high economic growth, low unemployment and high confidence is good for NZD. High economic growth attracts foreign investment and may encourage the Reserve Bank of New Zealand to increase interest rates, if this economic strength comes together with elevated inflation. Conversely, if economic data is weak, NZD is likely to depreciate.
The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) tends to strengthen during risk-on periods, or when investors perceive that broader market risks are low and are optimistic about growth. This tends to lead to a more favorable outlook for commodities and so-called ‘commodity currencies’ such as the Kiwi. Conversely, NZD tends to weaken at times of market turbulence or economic uncertainty as investors tend to sell higher-risk assets and flee to the more-stable safe havens.
The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) sets the USD/CNY central rate for the trading session ahead on Tuesday at 6.7990 compared to the previous day's fix of 6.7972 and 6.7927 Reuters estimate.
PBOC FAQs
The primary monetary policy objectives of the People's Bank of China (PBoC) are to safeguard price stability, including exchange rate stability, and promote economic growth. China’s central bank also aims to implement financial reforms, such as opening and developing the financial market.
The PBoC is owned by the state of the People's Republic of China (PRC), so it is not considered an autonomous institution. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Committee Secretary, nominated by the Chairman of the State Council, has a key influence on the PBoC’s management and direction, not the governor. However, Mr. Pan Gongsheng currently holds both of these posts.
Unlike the Western economies, the PBoC uses a broader set of monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives. The primary tools include a seven-day Reverse Repo Rate (RRR), Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF), foreign exchange interventions and Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR). However, The Loan Prime Rate (LPR) is China’s benchmark interest rate. Changes to the LPR directly influence the rates that need to be paid in the market for loans and mortgages and the interest paid on savings. By changing the LPR, China’s central bank can also influence the exchange rates of the Chinese Renminbi.
Yes, China has 19 private banks – a small fraction of the financial system. The largest private banks are digital lenders WeBank and MYbank, which are backed by tech giants Tencent and Ant Group, per The Straits Times. In 2014, China allowed domestic lenders fully capitalized by private funds to operate in the state-dominated financial sector.
- WTI gains as Trump reinstated an Iranian blockade and imposed a 20% transit fee on other vessels securing the strait.
- President Trump backed a sanctions bill to penalize international buyers of Russian oil and natural gas.
- Supply anxieties worsened after two UAE oil tankers were struck by Iranian cruise missiles near Oman.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price extends its gains for the second successive day, trading around $79.60 per barrel during the Asian hours on Tuesday. Crude oil prices rise due to mounting supply anxieties following a sharp escalation of geopolitical hostilities in the Middle East.
US President Donald Trump has reinstated a naval blockade targeting Iranian vessels and customers transiting the Strait of Hormuz, while simultaneously announcing that all other commercial cargo passing through the strategic waterway will be subject to a 20% reimbursement fee. Trump asserted that the US must be financially compensated for its military efforts to secure the volatile chokepoint, pointing directly to regional nations that benefit from US protection, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait.
The aggressive maritime measures follow a fresh wave of tit-for-tat military exchanges between Washington and Tehran. While the US aims to neutralize Iran's capacity to disrupt international shipping, Tehran has retaliated by targeting American allies across the Gulf. In a separate move, President Trump stated he would support a Russian sanctions bill, originally championed by the late Senator Lindsey Graham, that aims to renew and intensify penalties against international buyers of Russian oil and natural gas.
Compounding the energy market crisis, the UAE Ministry of Defence confirmed early Tuesday that two of its national oil tankers, the Mombasa and Al Bahiyah, were struck by Iranian cruise missiles. According to Reuters reports, the targeted attack occurred in the southern shipping lane of the Strait of Hormuz within Omani territorial waters.
WTI Oil FAQs
WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media.
Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa.
The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency.
OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.
- AUD/USD softens to near 0.6915 in Tuesday’s early Asian session.
- US begins new Iran strikes; Trump plans a 20% Hormuz charge.
- Westpac signaled an interest rate hike in the RBA’s August policy meeting.
The AUD/USD pair trades with mild losses around 0.6915 during the early Asian session on Tuesday. Ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East continue to boost a safe-haven currency such as the US Dollar (USD) against the Australian Dollar (AUD). All eyes will be on the US June Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation data, which is due later on Tuesday.
The US announced a new round of strikes on Iran on Monday, hours after US President Donald Trump said Washington is “reinstating” a blockade on Iran in the Strait of Hormuz and will charge other ships for safe passage.
Early Tuesday, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Defence said that two national tankers, the Mombasa and Al Bahiyah, were targeted by two Iranian cruise missiles in the southern lane of the Strait of Hormuz, in Omani territorial waters, per Reuters. Signs of escalating tensions in the Middle East could provide some support to the Greenback, a safe-haven asset, and act as a headwind for the pair.
Westpac analysts said that further interest rate increases remain on the table, with the major bank forecasting the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) may need to lift the cash rate again as early as August as inflation risks persist.
The Australian central bank has implemented three interest rate increases of 25 basis points (bps) so far this year, lifting the Official Cash Rate (OCR) to 4.35%. Current ASX 30-day Interbank Cash Rate Futures indicated a minor 16% market expectation of a rate hike to 4.60% at the upcoming August meeting.
Australian Dollar FAQs
One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive.
China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs.
Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD.
The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Defence said that two UAE national tankers, the Mombasa and Al Bahiyah, were targeted by two Iranian cruise missiles in the southern lane of the Strait of Hormuz, in Omani territorial waters, Reuters reported on Tuesday. The source added that one Indian crew member was killed and eight others were wounded.
The UAE condemned what it called a "blatant attack" and said the country retained "its full right to respond to this escalation." The ministry further stated that the UAE remained fully prepared to deal with any threats and was taking all necessary measures to respond firmly to any attempts to undermine the country's security and stability.
Market reaction
Crude oil prices attract some buyers following this headline. At the time of writing, the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) is up 10.40% on the day at $78.85.
WTI Oil FAQs
WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media.
Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa.
The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency.
OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.
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