Forex News
- Gold oscillates in a narrow band as traders seem hesitant ahead of the crucial FOMC rate decision.
- Investors keenly await more cues about the Fed’s policy path before placing fresh directional bets.
- The US-Iran peace deal keeps the USD on the defensive, lending some support to the commodity.
Gold (XAU/USD) edges lower during the Asian session on Wednesday, though it holds above the $4,300 mark as bulls opt to lighten their bets ahead of the highly anticipated FOMC policy decision. In the meantime, the commodity remains below the weekly swing high, touched on Monday, and a technically significant 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA). However, the latest optimism over an interim US-Iran peace deal keeps the US Dollar (USD) on the defensive, which might continue to act as a tailwind for the bullion.
The US and Iran agreed to a framework peace deal intended to end the war that began earlier in 2026. The initial memorandum of understanding (MOU) establishes a 60-day ceasefire, the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, and sets the stage for technical negotiations over Iran's nuclear program. Other details about the agreement remain scarce amid some contradictory claims about what’s in it. US President Donald Trump said that the MoU will state that Tehran will never have a nuclear weapon, while Iran’s state media reported that the country had not yet entered into detailed negotiations on the nuclear issues.
Adding to this, reports suggest that the agreement includes plans for a $300 billion private fund to trigger investment in Iran, but Trump called it "fake news." This keeps investors on edge and holds back the USD bears from placing aggressive bets ahead of the key central bank event risk. The US Federal Reserve (Fed) is scheduled to announce its rate decision later today and is widely expected to leave policy rates unchanged. Furthermore, the central bank is seen removing the easing bias as inflation is proving stickier than anticipated. Hence, the focus will be on updated economic projections, including the so-called dot plot.
Moreover, investors will closely scrutinize the new Fed Chair Kevin Warsh's post-meeting press conference for cues about the future policy path. In the meantime, markets have been unwinding the worst-case inflationary scenarios and hawkish Fed expectations built up during the US-Iran conflict. However, traders are still assigning around a 60% chance that the US central bank will raise interest rates by 25 basis points (bps) in December. Hence, a dovish shift in the Fed's stance is needed before placing fresh bearish bets on the USD and positioning for an extension of the Gold's recovery from the year-to-date low, touched last week.
XAU/USD daily chart
Gold bulls seem hesitant below 38.2% Fibo., $4,450 confluence
From a technical perspective, the XAU/USD pair remains capped near the the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement level of the April-June downfall and beneath the declining 200-day SMA, keeping the broader tone bearish. Moreover, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) around 44 and a slightly positive Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) reading hint at stabilizing but not yet convincing upside momentum.
Hence, any subsequent move up might confront an immediate hurdle near the $4,400 mark ahead of the $4,445-$4,450 confluence – comprising the 50% Fibo. level and the 200-day SMA. A daily close above the said resistance would be needed to ease bearish pressure and open the way toward the 61.8% level near $4,560, and the $4,707 and $4,893 Fibo. barriers higher up. On the flip side, immediate support emerges at the 23.6% retracement around $4,227, ahead of the structural floor at the recent swing low near $4,022, where a break would reinforce the prevailing bearish bias and expose deeper losses.
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool.)
Fed FAQs
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
- USD/JPY weakens to around 160.25 in Wednesday’s early European session.
- Fed is set to leave its interest rate unchanged at a target range of 3.50% to 3.75% at the June meeting.
- BoJ hiked its policy rate by 25bps to 1.00% but gave no strong signal on the timing of the next move.
The USD/JPY pair loses ground to near 160.25 during the early European trading hours on Wednesday. Traders prefer to wait on the sidelines ahead of the US Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate decision under new Chair Kevin Warsh later on Wednesday.
The Fed is widely expected to stand pat on the interest rates at its June policy meeting. Traders will closely watch the statement, economic projections, and press conference for more hints about the US interest rate path later this year.
"The Fed is...likely to signal a neutral bias for monetary policy going forward," said Erik Weisman, chief economist and portfolio manager at MFS Investment Management.
On Tuesday, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) raised the interest rate by 25 basis points (bps) to 1.0% from 0.75% as expected. This marks the highest level since 1995. The decision came at a time when Japan had been struggling with a weak JPY and inflation that had started to creep up, partly due to the Iran war.
"While the press conference...contained some optimistic signals regarding the outlook for the Japanese economy, it failed to move the needle much regarding market expectations around the timing of the next BOJ policy move," said Jane Foley, senior FX strategist at Rabobank.
Traders are on alert for any potential intervention from Japanese authorities to shore up the ailing currency. MUFG analysts said the Japanese Yen's failure to strengthen after the hike keeps pressure on Japanese officials to intervene again.
Japanese Yen FAQs
The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors.
One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen.
Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential.
The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.
- The Indian Rupee holds ground as oil prices continue to ease.
- Indian shares opened higher but edged lower as caution grew ahead of the US Fed policy decision.
- Traders expect a hawkish tone from Fed Chair Kevin Warsh during his first policy meeting on Wednesday.
The Indian Rupee (INR) holds ground after two days of gains against the US Dollar (USD) on Wednesday. However, the upside potential for the USD/INR pair could be capped in the near term as downward pressure on the Indian Rupee eases, supported by declining global oil prices.
Following recent policy interventions by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), economists have notably upgraded their forecasts for the nation's balance of payments. Most analysts now anticipate a small surplus, marking a sharp reversal from previous projections of a substantial deficit.
However, the true extent of any Rupee rally will ultimately hinge on the central bank's comfort level. Experts suggest the RBI may strategically leverage the currency's strength to pare down its massive foreign exchange forward book, which saw short-dollar positions balloon to a record $104 billion in March during efforts to defend the INR.
Indian equity indexes hold gains on Wednesday despite the prevailing market caution ahead of the US Federal Reserve's (Fed) upcoming policy decision. The US central bank is widely expected to maintain its cautious "wait-and-see" stance, keeping benchmark interest rates steady within the 3.50% to 3.75% range.
Nevertheless, market participants remain highly attentive, as traders expect Fed Chair Kevin Warsh to adopt a more hawkish tone during his first policy meeting later in the day. This cautious domestic sentiment follows a mixed session on Tuesday, where institutional data from the NSE revealed that foreign institutional investors sold shares worth INR 749.18 crore, while domestic institutional investors made modest purchases worth INR 6 lakhs.
Broader market sentiment also faces headwinds from lingering global uncertainties and geopolitical frictions. Industry experts express widespread skepticism regarding a swift economic rebound, warning that shipping and energy exports could take several weeks to fully recover from recent disruptions. Complicating the global outlook further, the Iran-backed group Hezbollah stated in Lebanon that Iran would likely refuse a final nuclear agreement unless Israel withdraws from Lebanese territory, adding a layer of geopolitical risk that continues to keep investors on edge.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price extends losses for the fifth successive day, trading around $75.20 per barrel at the time of writing. Crude oil prices declined as anticipation grew over a looming United States (US)-Iran peace deal that could significantly boost global supply.
The US and Iran are scheduled to sign an interim agreement in Switzerland this Friday, which would grant Tehran broad economic incentives and allow the immediate resumption of Iranian oil exports. Furthermore, international tankers are expected to resume safe transit through the strategic Strait of Hormuz once the pact officially takes effect.
Technical Analysis: USD/INR trades near 94.50 above descending triangle bottom
USD/INR flattens after two days of losses, trading around 94.40 at the time of writing. The technical analysis of the daily chart suggests that spot price sits just slightly above the lower boundary of the descending triangle, indicating the "drumroll" moment of the pattern.
The flat lower boundary represents a major demand zone where buyers have historically stepped in to stop the bleeding. When the spot price hovers just above it, the market is testing whether those buyers still have the cash and the will to defend that floor.
The USD/INR pair maintains a bearish near-term tone as it holds below both the nine-day and 50-day Exponential moving averages (EMAs). The clustering of these EMAs above the spot hints at a capped market, while the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) around 40 suggests weak momentum, reinforcing the risk of further downside as long as price remains suppressed beneath these moving averages.
The immediate support lies at the lower boundary of the descending triangle around 94.30, while the initial resistance lies at the 50-day EMA of 94.73, followed by the nine-day EMA at 94.90.
Indian economy FAQs
The Indian economy has averaged a growth rate of 6.13% between 2006 and 2023, which makes it one of the fastest growing in the world. India’s high growth has attracted a lot of foreign investment. This includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into physical projects and Foreign Indirect Investment (FII) by foreign funds into Indian financial markets. The greater the level of investment, the higher the demand for the Rupee (INR). Fluctuations in Dollar-demand from Indian importers also impact INR.
India has to import a great deal of its Oil and gasoline so the price of Oil can have a direct impact on the Rupee. Oil is mostly traded in US Dollars (USD) on international markets so if the price of Oil rises, aggregate demand for USD increases and Indian importers have to sell more Rupees to meet that demand, which is depreciative for the Rupee.
Inflation has a complex effect on the Rupee. Ultimately it indicates an increase in money supply which reduces the Rupee’s overall value. Yet if it rises above the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) 4% target, the RBI will raise interest rates to bring it down by reducing credit. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (the difference between interest rates and inflation) strengthen the Rupee. They make India a more profitable place for international investors to park their money. A fall in inflation can be supportive of the Rupee. At the same time lower interest rates can have a depreciatory effect on the Rupee.
India has run a trade deficit for most of its recent history, indicating its imports outweigh its exports. Since the majority of international trade takes place in US Dollars, there are times – due to seasonal demand or order glut – where the high volume of imports leads to significant US Dollar- demand. During these periods the Rupee can weaken as it is heavily sold to meet the demand for Dollars. When markets experience increased volatility, the demand for US Dollars can also shoot up with a similarly negative effect on the Rupee.
- USD/IDR rises as the Indonesian Rupiah weakens ahead of the Federal Reserve's upcoming policy decision.
- The Fed is expected to hold its benchmark interest rate steady at 3.50% to 3.75%, maintaining a cautious stance.
- Traders expect Bank Indonesia to maintain a hawkish tightening bias on Thursday to protect the weakening Rupiah.
USD/IDR gains ground after two days of losses, trading around 17,770 during the Asian hours on Wednesday. The pair appreciates as the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) faces challenges as traders adopt caution ahead of the Federal Reserve (Fed) policy decision due later in the day.
The US central bank is widely expected to maintain a cautious "wait-and-see" approach, keeping its benchmark interest rate unchanged within the 3.50% to 3.75% range. Traders expect Fed Chair Kevin Warsh to adopt a more hawkish tone during his first policy meeting.
The upside of the USD/IDR pair could be limited as risk aversion eases amid growing expectations of a breakthrough peace deal between the United States (US) and Iran. US Vice President JD Vance stated on Tuesday that President Donald Trump may release a preliminary agreement to end the war ahead of schedule, following the president's earlier comments that the framework had already been signed.
Meanwhile, Iranian Foreign Minister Seyed Abbas Araghchi confirmed that a new round of negotiations aimed at reaching a final, comprehensive peace deal is set to begin in Switzerland.
The Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) could face further challenges as falling foreign exchange reserves highlight the rising cost of central bank intervention. However, traders expect the Bank Indonesia (BI) to maintain a hawkish tightening bias on Thursday to defend the currency.
Risk sentiment FAQs
In the world of financial jargon the two widely used terms “risk-on” and “risk off'' refer to the level of risk that investors are willing to stomach during the period referenced. In a “risk-on” market, investors are optimistic about the future and more willing to buy risky assets. In a “risk-off” market investors start to ‘play it safe’ because they are worried about the future, and therefore buy less risky assets that are more certain of bringing a return, even if it is relatively modest.
Typically, during periods of “risk-on”, stock markets will rise, most commodities – except Gold – will also gain in value, since they benefit from a positive growth outlook. The currencies of nations that are heavy commodity exporters strengthen because of increased demand, and Cryptocurrencies rise. In a “risk-off” market, Bonds go up – especially major government Bonds – Gold shines, and safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and US Dollar all benefit.
The Australian Dollar (AUD), the Canadian Dollar (CAD), the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and minor FX like the Ruble (RUB) and the South African Rand (ZAR), all tend to rise in markets that are “risk-on”. This is because the economies of these currencies are heavily reliant on commodity exports for growth, and commodities tend to rise in price during risk-on periods. This is because investors foresee greater demand for raw materials in the future due to heightened economic activity.
The major currencies that tend to rise during periods of “risk-off” are the US Dollar (USD), the Japanese Yen (JPY) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The US Dollar, because it is the world’s reserve currency, and because in times of crisis investors buy US government debt, which is seen as safe because the largest economy in the world is unlikely to default. The Yen, from increased demand for Japanese government bonds, because a high proportion are held by domestic investors who are unlikely to dump them – even in a crisis. The Swiss Franc, because strict Swiss banking laws offer investors enhanced capital protection.
- EUR/USD attracts some buyers for the third straight day as the US-Iran peace deal undermines the USD.
- The ECB’s hawkish outlook benefits the shared currency and further lends support to the currency pair.
- Traders, however, seem hesitant and opt to wait for the highly anticipated FOMC interest rate decision.
The EUR/USD pair trades with a positive bias for the third straight day and holds steady above the 1.1600 mark through the Asian session on Wednesday. Bulls, however, seem hesitant and opt to wait for the outcome of a two-day FOMC policy meeting before positioning for an extension of the recent goodish recovery from the 1.1500 psychological mark, or over a two-month low, touched last week.
The latest optimism over an interim peace deal between the US and Iran keep the safe-haven US Dollar (USD) on the defensive, which, in turn, is seen as a key factor acting as a tailwind for the EUR/USD pair. The shared currency, on the other hand, draws support from the European Central Bank's (ECB) hawkish signal following an interest rate hike for the first time in three years. In fact, the ECB raised its 2026 inflation projections to 3% amid prolonged energy shocks and broadening price pressures across the eurozone.
Furthermore, traders are still pricing in a roughly 40 basis points in additional hikes for 2026 by the ECB despite the de-escalation of tensions in the Middle East. The US and Iran agreed to a framework peace deal intended to end the war that began earlier in 2026. The initial memorandum of understanding (MOU) establishes a 60-day ceasefire, the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, and sets the stage for technical negotiations over Iran's nuclear program. However, other details about the agreement remain scarce.
This, along with expectations that the US Federal Reserve (Fed) might still hike interest rates by 25 bps in December, holds back the USD bears from placing aggressive bets and caps the upside for the EUR/USD pair. Hence, market focus will remain glued to the crucial Fed rate decision, the latest economic projections, and the so-called dot plot. Adding to this, the new Fed Chair, Kevin Warsh's comments during the post-meeting presser will be scrutinized for cues about the future policy path.
Euro FAQs
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
Gold prices fell in India on Wednesday, according to data compiled by FXStreet.
The price for Gold stood at 13,143.24 Indian Rupees (INR) per gram, down compared with the INR 13,164.96 it cost on Tuesday.
The price for Gold decreased to INR 153,299.50 per tola from INR 153,553.50 per tola a day earlier.
Unit measure | Gold Price in INR |
|---|---|
1 Gram | 13,143.24 |
10 Grams | 131,432.00 |
Tola | 153,299.50 |
Troy Ounce | 408,800.80 |
FXStreet calculates Gold prices in India by adapting international prices (USD/INR) to the local currency and measurement units. Prices are updated daily based on the market rates taken at the time of publication. Prices are just for reference and local rates could diverge slightly.
Gold FAQs
Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government.
Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves.
Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal.
The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.
(An automation tool was used in creating this post.)
Rabobank’s RaboResearch Global Economics & Markets team highlights growing central bank interest in Gold as global insecurity rises and de-dollarization continues. The report notes that central banks are repatriating Gold rather than storing it abroad and expect reserves to increase over the next five years. It also references a major Gold heist that could expose sensitive intelligence programs.
Central banks build Gold reserves
"And against that backdrop, the FT also notes that ‘The world is more dangerous. Why is risk cheaper?’, underlining that capital is piling into insurance because of high returns and low volatility (against our current backdrop!) which leaves some worried about mispricing."
"Traditionally, they don’t have to worry because central banks are there to save the day. But right now, those knights in shining armour have a lot of other things to worry about: like swords and armour. Does that still allow them to just “ease in our time”?"
"So does the Wall Street Journal reporting that ‘A $40m Gold Heist Risks Exposing CIA’s Top-Secret Spy Programs’; as the Financial Times notes central banks are repatriating gold as global insecurity rises rather than storing bullion in other countries; and the Nikkei Asia shares that central banks expect their gold reserves to continue to rise as de-dollarization continues, with 84% of related survey respondents seeing such holdings increasing in the next five years."
(This article was created with the help of an Artificial Intelligence tool and reviewed by an editor.)
- AUD/JPY edges lower to near 113.25 in Wednesday’s early European session.
- BoJ hiked interest rates by 25 bps to 1.00%, while RBA held rates steady at 4.35% at their June policy meeting.
- The cross keeps bullish vibe, but further consolidation cannot be ruled out in the near term with neutral RSI momentum.
- The first upside barrier emerges at 113.58; the initial downside target to watch is 113.23.
The AUD/JPY cross trades in negative territory around 113.25 during the early European session on Wednesday. The Japanese Yen (JPY) edges higher against the Australian Dollar (AUD) after the Bank of Japan (BoJ) raised interest rates to their highest level in more than three decades.
The BoJ decided to raise the short-term interest rate by 25 basis points (bps) to 1.0% from 0.75% after concluding the two-day monetary policy review meeting on Tuesday, as widely expected.
According to the Monetary Policy Statement, the board member will continue to increase the policy rate in response to developments in economic activity, prices and financial conditions.
On the other hand, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) decided to leave the Official Cash Rate (OCR) unchanged at 4.35% after its June monetary policy meeting on Tuesday. This is a pause following three consecutive 25 basis points (bps) rate hikes earlier this year. Despite leaving the interest rate unchanged, the board members signaled that further rate hikes might be necessary to achieve its goals.
Technical Analysis:
In the daily chart, AUD/JPY holds a constructive bias as spot remains above the 100-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) while pressing into the Bollinger Bands’ upper half. The 14-period Relative Strength Index (RSI) around 48 hints at consolidative rather than overbought conditions, suggesting any pullbacks could stay contained above underlying trend support.
On the topside, a sustained break over the Bollinger SMA middle band at 113.58 would open the door toward the Bollinger upper band resistance near 114.90. On the downside, initial support aligns with the recent pivot zone around 113.23, followed by the Bollinger lower band at 112.25 and then the 100-day SMA near 112.00, where a deeper retreat would need to find buyers to maintain the prevailing upward bias.
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool.)
Japanese Yen FAQs
The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors.
One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen.
Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential.
The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.
- AUD/USD remains on the back foot for the second straight day, though it lacks follow-through.
- The RBA’s hawkish tilt supports the Aussie, while the US-Iran peace deal undermines the USD.
- Traders seem hesitant ahead of the crucial FOMC rate decision amid a bearish technical setup.
The AUD/USD pair trades with a negative bias for the second straight day, though it lacks bearish conviction and holds above the 0.7050 level through the Asian session on Wednesday amid mixed cues.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) maintained a hawkish hold on Tuesday and warned that further rate increases are possible if inflation remains stubbornly elevated, which acts as a tailwind for the Australian Dollar (AUD). Furthermore, an interim US-Iran peace agreement undermines the safe-haven US Dollar (USD) and supports the AUD/USD pair. Traders, however, seem hesitant and opt to wait for the highly anticipated FOMC policy decision before placing fresh directional bets.
The AUD/USD pair keeps a bearish near-term tone 0.7085-0.7090 confluence – comprising the 100-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) and the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement of the May-June downfall. Adding to this, momentum oscillators hint that a short-term downward trend is still in play. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is near 43, while the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) line remains below zero and the signal line, with the histogram remaining slightly negative.
On the topside, the immediate hurdle is clustered around the 0.7085-0.7090 confluence, with further barriers seen at the 50% level at 0.7124 and the 61.8% retracement at 0.7159. A sustained break above these would be needed to ease the current bearish pressure and expose the 78.6% retracement at 0.7209 and the swing high near 0.7272. On the downside, initial support is aligned with the 23.6% Fibo. at 0.7046, ahead of the monthly low near 0.6976, where a break would reinforce the broader decline.
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool.)
AUD/USD daily chart
RBA FAQs
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) sets interest rates and manages monetary policy for Australia. Decisions are made by a board of governors at 11 meetings a year and ad hoc emergency meetings as required. The RBA’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means an inflation rate of 2-3%, but also “..to contribute to the stability of the currency, full employment, and the economic prosperity and welfare of the Australian people.” Its main tool for achieving this is by raising or lowering interest rates. Relatively high interest rates will strengthen the Australian Dollar (AUD) and vice versa. Other RBA tools include quantitative easing and tightening.
While inflation had always traditionally been thought of as a negative factor for currencies since it lowers the value of money in general, the opposite has actually been the case in modern times with the relaxation of cross-border capital controls. Moderately higher inflation now tends to lead central banks to put up their interest rates, which in turn has the effect of attracting more capital inflows from global investors seeking a lucrative place to keep their money. This increases demand for the local currency, which in the case of Australia is the Aussie Dollar.
Macroeconomic data gauges the health of an economy and can have an impact on the value of its currency. Investors prefer to invest their capital in economies that are safe and growing rather than precarious and shrinking. Greater capital inflows increase the aggregate demand and value of the domestic currency. Classic indicators, such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can influence AUD. A strong economy may encourage the Reserve Bank of Australia to put up interest rates, also supporting AUD.
Quantitative Easing (QE) is a tool used in extreme situations when lowering interest rates is not enough to restore the flow of credit in the economy. QE is the process by which the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) prints Australian Dollars (AUD) for the purpose of buying assets – usually government or corporate bonds – from financial institutions, thereby providing them with much-needed liquidity. QE usually results in a weaker AUD.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE. It is undertaken after QE when an economic recovery is underway and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to provide them with liquidity, in QT the RBA stops buying more assets, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It would be positive (or bullish) for the Australian Dollar.
The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Governor Pan Gongsheng said on Wednesday that the central bank would act if the money market overnight rate persistently deviates from operation rates.
Additional quotes
To adjust the temporary overnight reverse and outright repurchase agreement time to 3-3:30 pm.
Meant to ensure flexible and efficient use of temporary overnight reverse and outright repurchase agreements in the open market.
Operating rates will be set at the 7-day reverse repurchase rate in the open market minus 25 basis points and plus 25 basis points, respectively.
Will initiate the action when the money market overnight rate remains consistently below or above the respective operation rates of the tools.
Will provide yuan liquidity to eligible overseas central bank-type institutions through the FIMA RMB repo facility
FIMA RMB repo will accept high-grade yuan bonds, including Chinese government bonds
To issue an action plan for developing offshore finance in the Shanghai International Financial Center.
Yuan to be expanded in offshore business scenarios.
Shanghai to study feasibility of setting up offshore banks.
Market reaction
The above comments had little to no impact on the Chinese proxy, the Australian Dollar (AUD), as AUD/USD trades 0.06% lower on the day at 0.7060 when writing.
PBOC FAQs
The primary monetary policy objectives of the People's Bank of China (PBoC) are to safeguard price stability, including exchange rate stability, and promote economic growth. China’s central bank also aims to implement financial reforms, such as opening and developing the financial market.
The PBoC is owned by the state of the People's Republic of China (PRC), so it is not considered an autonomous institution. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Committee Secretary, nominated by the Chairman of the State Council, has a key influence on the PBoC’s management and direction, not the governor. However, Mr. Pan Gongsheng currently holds both of these posts.
Unlike the Western economies, the PBoC uses a broader set of monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives. The primary tools include a seven-day Reverse Repo Rate (RRR), Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF), foreign exchange interventions and Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR). However, The Loan Prime Rate (LPR) is China’s benchmark interest rate. Changes to the LPR directly influence the rates that need to be paid in the market for loans and mortgages and the interest paid on savings. By changing the LPR, China’s central bank can also influence the exchange rates of the Chinese Renminbi.
Yes, China has 19 private banks – a small fraction of the financial system. The largest private banks are digital lenders WeBank and MYbank, which are backed by tech giants Tencent and Ant Group, per The Straits Times. In 2014, China allowed domestic lenders fully capitalized by private funds to operate in the state-dominated financial sector.
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