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Forex News

News source: FXStreet
Oct 13, 14:36 HKT
Euro: Gradual downside toward key support against US Dollar – UOB

United Overseas Bank’s (UOB) Quek Ser Leang and Lee Sue Ann highlight ongoing Euro (EUR) weakness against the US Dollar (USD), with EUR/USD at fresh 17‑month lows. Intraday, further losses are possible but seen contained within 1.1145–1.1185. Over the next 1–3 weeks, the downtrend that began more than a month ago could extend gradually toward 1.1115 unless strong resistance at 1.1220 is broken.

Euro-Dollar slide not yet stabilised

"24-HOUR VIEW: We did not expect EUR to drop sharply to a low of 1.1151, as we had expected range-trading. Further EUR weakness is not ruled out, but given the oversold conditions, any decline should stay within a 1.1145/1.1185 range. In other words, a continued decline below 1.1145 is unlikely."

"1-3 WEEKS VIEW: Our most recent narrative was from last Thursday (08 Oct, spot at 1.1200), when we highlighted that “there is a chance for EUR to test 1.1145.” After trading in a range for a few days, EUR dropped sharply to a low of 1.1151 yesterday. Despite the decline, downward momentum has not increased much. However, the weakness in EUR that started more than a month ago has not quite stabilised, and EUR could decline gradually toward 1.1115. On the upside, a breach of the ‘strong resistance’ at 1.1220 (level was at 1.1255 yesterday) would mean that EUR is not declining further."

(This article was created with the help of an Artificial Intelligence tool and reviewed by an editor. Know more.)

Oct 13, 14:29 HKT
USD/JPY Price Forecast: Bulls fail to break the 200-day SMA around 158.50 
  • USD/JPY pulls back below 158.30 after rejection at the 200-day SMA, at 158.56
  • Softer-than-expected Japanese producer prices are keeping the JPY from appreciating further.
  • The US Dollar treads water with investors awaiting key US inflation reports due later this week.

The US Dollar (USD) edges lower against the Japanese Yen (JPY) on Tuesday, although it maintains its broader bullish trend intact, favoured by a risk-averse market. USD/JPY bulls found resistance at the 200-day SMA, in the 158.50 area, again on Monday, and the pair pulled back during Tuesday's early trading to reach session lows sub-158.30.

Data from Japan released earlier on Tuesday showed an unexpected slowdown in factory inflation, as September's Producer Prices Index (PPI) contracted 0.3% for the second consecutive month against market expectations of a 0.5% increase. Year.-over-Year, Japan’s PPI rose at a 6.9% pace, also against expectations of a steady 7.6% rate, but still at levels pressuring the Bank of Japan (BoJ) to tighten its monetary policy further.

Later on, BoJ Governor Kazuho Ueda observed that underlying inflation is nearing 2% and reaffirmed the bank's commitment to keep it anchored at those levels, which leaves the door open to further interest rate hikes. The Yen, however, hardly moved on Ueda’s comments.

The US Dollar, on the other hand, has been trading on a moderately softer tone during the Asian session, with US markets returning after a partial close on Monday. Investors, however, are likely to look from the sidelines on Tuesday, awaiting US Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) figures later in the week for further hints about the timing of the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) next rate hike.

Technical Analysis: The USD needs additional impulse to break the 200-day SMA

USD/JPY Chart Analysis


USD/JPY trades at 158.30, keeping the broader constructive tone intact so far, yet with rallies capped below the 200-day simple moving average (SMA) at 158.56. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) in the daily chart lies around 55, and the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) is slightly positive, but the pair seems to need fresh motivation to break the range top.

Immediate resistance is seen at the mentioned SMA at 158.56, which closes the path towards the September 24 high around 159.00 and the key 160.00 area. On the downside, the October 6 and 8 lows at the 157.50 area are likely to test bears ahead of the late September lows at 156.38 and the September 17 low at 155.34.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Japanese Yen Price Today

The table below shows the percentage change of Japanese Yen (JPY) against listed major currencies today. Japanese Yen was the strongest against the US Dollar.

USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD -0.16% -0.09% -0.19% -0.08% -0.02% -0.11% -0.20%
EUR 0.16% 0.06% -0.04% 0.11% 0.12% 0.06% -0.04%
GBP 0.09% -0.06% -0.13% -0.02% 0.04% -0.02% -0.10%
JPY 0.19% 0.04% 0.13% 0.12% 0.19% 0.09% 0.02%
CAD 0.08% -0.11% 0.02% -0.12% 0.06% -0.03% -0.11%
AUD 0.02% -0.12% -0.04% -0.19% -0.06% -0.09% -0.18%
NZD 0.11% -0.06% 0.02% -0.09% 0.03% 0.09% -0.07%
CHF 0.20% 0.04% 0.10% -0.02% 0.11% 0.18% 0.07%

The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Japanese Yen from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent JPY (base)/USD (quote).

Oct 13, 14:08 HKT
US Dollar Index Price Forecast: Likely extend advance to near 103.00
  • The US Dollar drops as US bond yields fall after an extended weekend.
  • Investors see strength in US Dollar due to strong US growth prospects, high inflation and hawkish Fed bets.
  • The US CPI and PPI data for September is awaited.

The US Dollar (USD) trades lower against its major currency peers on Tuesday due to lower United States (US) Treasury Yields.

US Dollar Price Today

The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies today. US Dollar was the weakest against the Swiss Franc.

USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD -0.22% -0.14% -0.22% -0.11% -0.06% -0.15% -0.23%
EUR 0.22% 0.07% -0.04% 0.11% 0.13% 0.06% -0.02%
GBP 0.14% -0.07% -0.08% 0.00% 0.06% -0.02% -0.08%
JPY 0.22% 0.04% 0.08% 0.12% 0.17% 0.07% 0.01%
CAD 0.11% -0.11% -0.00% -0.12% 0.05% -0.05% -0.11%
AUD 0.06% -0.13% -0.06% -0.17% -0.05% -0.08% -0.16%
NZD 0.15% -0.06% 0.02% -0.07% 0.05% 0.08% -0.06%
CHF 0.23% 0.02% 0.08% -0.01% 0.11% 0.16% 0.06%

The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the US Dollar from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent USD (base)/JPY (quote).

In the early European trade, the US Dollar Index (DXY), which gauges the Greenback’s value against six major currencies, is down 0.17% to near 102.38. Still, the DXY is close to its fresh yearly high of 102.61 posted on Monday. 10-year US bond yields trade 0.85% lower to near 5.20% after an extended weekend. US bond markets were closed on Monday due to Columbus Day.

Market experts argue that the outlook of the US Dollar remains strong on the back of strong domestic growth, elevated inflationary pressures, and hawkish Federal Reserve (Fed) expectations.

Analysts at ING observe that FX markets are largely looking through recent noise and "preferring to concentrate on the cyclical story of decent US growth, above-target inflation and the prospect of the Fed hiking 75bp from current levels."

On the economic data front, investors await the US Consumer Price Index and the Producer Price Index (PPI) data for September, which will be released on Wednesday and Thursday, respectively. The data is expected to influence Fed’s interest rate expectations significantly. Fed officials have explicitly told that inflation concerns remain heightened and more interest rate hikes are needed to contain them.

Hammack leans hawkish as Fed rhetoric flags risk of entrenched inflation mindset

Fed’s Hammack delivers a notably more hawkish tone, with the 8.4/10 FXS Speechtracker score standing well above the 7.5/10 historical average, underscoring a stronger push for tighter policy relative to the established baseline. The emphasis on the need for higher interest rates, a restrictive stance to achieve 2% inflation, and concern over an emerging inflationary mindset—amid neutral financial conditions and broad, demand-driven price pressures including from AI—signals a preference for swift, smaller rate moves to prevent inflation expectations from drifting. Hammack’s focus on clarifying the reaction function and warning that firms are planning price hikes beyond input costs reinforces the message that the Fed should act proactively to avoid inflation becoming ingrained.

The FXS Fed Sentiment Index rose by 0.59 points to 138.92, firmly in hawkish territory and consistent with the elevated FXS Speechtracker score. This move higher reflects a clear shift toward tighter policy rhetoric, reinforcing expectations that the Fed will prioritize containing inflation over supporting growth in the near term.

US Dollar Index Technical Analysis

In the daily chart, Dollar Index Spot trades at 102.38. Price holds above the 20-day exponential moving average (EMA) at 101.48, keeping the near-term bias bullish as the index extends its recovery from the sub-100 area. The Relative Strength Index (14) stands around 69, flirting with overbought territory and hinting that upside momentum is strong but increasingly stretched.

On the downside, the 20-day EMA near 101.48, where buyers are likely to defend the prevailing uptrend on any pullback. Looking up, the asset could rise to the 103.00 if it decisively breaks above the fresh yearly high at 102.61.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Economic Indicator

Consumer Price Index (YoY)

Inflationary or deflationary tendencies are measured by periodically summing the prices of a basket of representative goods and services and presenting the data as The Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPI data is compiled on a monthly basis and released by the US Department of Labor Statistics. The YoY reading compares the prices of goods in the reference month to the same month a year earlier.The CPI is a key indicator to measure inflation and changes in purchasing trends. Generally speaking, a high reading is seen as bullish for the US Dollar (USD), while a low reading is seen as bearish.

Read more.

Next release: Wed Oct 14, 2026 12:30

Frequency: Monthly

Consensus: 3.7%

Previous: 3.4%

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics

The US Federal Reserve (Fed) has a dual mandate of maintaining price stability and maximum employment. According to such mandate, inflation should be at around 2% YoY and has become the weakest pillar of the central bank’s directive ever since the world suffered a pandemic, which extends to these days. Price pressures keep rising amid supply-chain issues and bottlenecks, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) hanging at multi-decade highs. The Fed has already taken measures to tame inflation and is expected to maintain an aggressive stance in the foreseeable future.

Oct 13, 14:00 HKT
EUR/USD Price Forecast: Holds gains above 1.1150, but remains technically bearish under 100-day SMA
  • EUR/USD gathers strength to around 1.1175 in Tuesday’s early European session.
  • The pair keeps a bearish vibe under 100-day SMA, but temporary rebound cannot be ruled out amid oversold conditions.
  • The first upside target to watch is 1.1243; the initial support level is seen at 1.1105.

The EUR/USD pair holds positive ground near 1.1175 during the early European trading hours on Tuesday. Nonetheless, hawkish Federal Reserve (Fed) expectations and higher US Treasury bond yields could underpin the US Dollar (USD) and act as a headwind for the major pair.

Cleveland Fed President Beth Hammack said on Monday that tighter monetary policy may be needed to contain inflation in order to prevent an inflationary mindset from becoming entrenched in the economy.

Traders put the probability of rates remaining unchanged at the next meeting at more than 80.6%, while the chance of an increase at the December policy meeting was nearly 84.7%, the CME FedWatch Tool showed.

The key US inflation reports will be the highlight later this week, as they could provide further direction on the Fed’s policy path. The US Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation report will be published on Wednesday, followed by Producer Price Index (PPI) and Retail Sales data on Thursday.

The headline CPI is expected to show a rise of 3.7% YoY in September, versus 3.4% prior. The core CPI is projected to show an increase of 2.5% YoY in September, compared to 2.4% in August. Any signs of hotter inflation in the US could reinforce the US central bank's decision to maintain a restrictive monetary policy stance to contain persistent price pressures.

Euro under pressure as French budget standoff keeps EUR/USD bias bearish

Analysts at ING highlight that the French government’s latest budget proposal, which includes “€43bn in new savings,” is due to be debated in parliament this week, but they note that “consensus seems to expect that this will make little progress.” ING adds that the government may ultimately have to “pass this budget by decree,” with parliamentary protagonists likely to “avoid trying to bring down the government, which would make the French debt crisis worse than it already is.” The bank cautions that “this is hardly a euro positive, however.”

Against this backdrop, ING points out that “speculators and the FX options market remain quite bearish on EUR/USD currently, although positioning is starting to get a little stretched.” In their view, “barring a big US policy misstep, which again questions investors' long dollar exposure, the macro story remains EUR/USD bearish,” and for the near term “a further dip towards 1.1100/1120 looks more likely.”

Hammack leans hawkish as Fed rhetoric flags risk of inflationary mindset

Fed’s Hammack delivers a notably more hawkish tone, with the 8.4/10 FXS Speechtracker score standing well above the 7.5/10 historical average, underscoring a stronger bias toward tighter policy relative to the established baseline. The emphasis on the need for higher interest rates, a restrictive stance to achieve 2% inflation, and concern that an inflationary mindset is becoming ingrained—amid broad, demand-driven price pressures and “neutral” financial conditions—signals a preference for swift, smaller rate moves to reinforce tight monetary policy. Hammack’s focus on clarifying the Fed reaction function and warning that firms are planning price hikes beyond cost increases highlights a deliberate effort to re-anchor expectations and keep the Dollar supported by a higher-for-longer rate narrative.

The FXS Fed Sentiment Index rose by 0.59 points to 138.92, reinforcing that Fed communication remains firmly in hawkish territory well above the neutral 100 mark. This incremental uptick, aligned with the elevated FXS Speechtracker score, suggests that markets should continue to price a bias toward tighter policy, which is typically supportive for the Dollar against the Euro and Yen.

Chart Analysis EUR/USD


Technical Analysis: EUR/USD retains a negative bias amid oversold conditions

In the daily chart, EUR/USD keeps a bearish near-term bias as spot holds below the 100-day simple moving average (SMA) and the Bollinger middle band. Price is consolidating closer to the lower Bollinger band support than to overhead levels, while the Relative Strength Index (14) at 25.5 sits in oversold territory, hinting that downside pressure persists but that the sell-off is becoming stretched.

On the topside, initial resistance is located at the October 9 high of 1.1243, en route to the Bollinger middle band near 1.1325, and then  the 100-day SMA at 1.1485. A stronger cap emerges at the upper boundary of Bollinger band around 1.1540. 

On the downside, the lower Bollinger band at 1.1105 serves as the next key support level. A desicive break below this level would expose further weakness toward the May 21, 2025 low of 1.1050, followed by the 1.1000 psychological level. Any follow-through selling below the mentioned level could expose the May 12, 2025 low of 1.0951. 

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Euro FAQs

The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).

The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.

Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.

Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.

Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.

Oct 13, 13:29 HKT
British Pound trades subduedly against Japanese Yen, BoE’s Greene supports quick rate hikes
  • The British Pound is marginally down at around 209.25 against the Japanese Yen.
  • BoE’s Greene said that the central bank should act quickly to diminish fears of second-round inflation effects.
  • The BoJ is unlikely to deliver back-to-back interest rate hikes.

The British Pound (GBP) trades marginally lower against the Japanese Yen (JPY) at around 209.25 during the late Asian trade on Tuesday. The cross faces mild selling pressure even as Bank of England (BoE) policymaker Megan Greene has argued in favor that the central bank should act now to contain inflationary pressures before it gets too late and it starts spreading to wages and broad consumer prices.

So far this year, the BoE has kept interest rates steady at 3.75%. Meanwhile, market experts see the BoE raising interest rates in the November meeting on the back improved economic outlook.

Analysts at Commerzbank highlight that the UK economy has “remained relatively resilient so far this year,” noting that “following growth of 0.6% q/q in the first quarter, second-quarter GDP was revised up to 0.5% in the final release.” They add that “monthly GDP data for July, showing a 0.4% m/m increase, also point to a solid start to the third quarter,” reinforcing the picture of firmer underlying momentum.

Against this backdrop, Commerzbank argues that “the improved growth outlook should make it easier for the BoE to raise rates further in order to lean against inflation.” The bank acknowledges that “until now, we had not expected the BoE to hike rates again,” but says “recent developments… have led us to conclude that a November rate hike is now more likely than not.” Moreover, Commerzbank “do[es] not expect it to be a one-off move,” and now “anticipate[s] another hike in February, taking Bank Rate to 4.25%.”

For fresh cues regarding the UK economic strength, investors await monthly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data for August, which is scheduled for Thursday. According to estimates, the UK economy contracted 0.1% in August after a 0.4% expansion in July.

Meanwhile, the Japanese Yen outperforms its major peers despite market experts arguing against back-to-back interest rate hikes from the Bank of Japan (BoJ).

Japanese Yen Price Today

The table below shows the percentage change of Japanese Yen (JPY) against listed major currencies today. Japanese Yen was the strongest against the US Dollar.

USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF
USD -0.16% -0.08% -0.17% -0.09% -0.02% -0.09% -0.18%
EUR 0.16% 0.08% -0.04% 0.07% 0.11% 0.07% -0.02%
GBP 0.08% -0.08% -0.10% 0.00% 0.04% -0.02% -0.09%
JPY 0.17% 0.04% 0.10% 0.09% 0.15% 0.08% 0.00%
CAD 0.09% -0.07% 0.00% -0.09% 0.07% -0.01% -0.08%
AUD 0.02% -0.11% -0.04% -0.15% -0.07% -0.06% -0.15%
NZD 0.09% -0.07% 0.02% -0.08% 0.00% 0.06% -0.07%
CHF 0.18% 0.02% 0.09% -0.01% 0.08% 0.15% 0.07%

The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Japanese Yen from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent JPY (base)/USD (quote).

BoJ seen shifting to inflation stabilisation but not yet ready for rapid hikes

Analysts at Rabobank argue that the Bank of Japan has reached an important inflection point, noting that “it now appears to have reached the point when it can instead shift its focus to stabilising price pressures around the target level.” However, they caution that this does not herald an aggressive tightening cycle, stressing that “even so, the Bank is still not widely viewed as being in a position in which back-to-back rate rises are appropriate.”

Central banks FAQs

Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.

A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.

A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.

Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.

Oct 13, 13:29 HKT
Indonesian Rupiah gains as BI Governor Destry reaffirms rate autonomy
  • Bank Indonesia Governor confirmed full policy independence despite closer coordination with the government.
  • Future BI interest rate hikes remain data-dependent, supported by $146.3 billion in foreign exchange reserves.
  • Bilateral local currency trade deals surged to $49.42 billion, significantly reducing US dollar reliance.

USD/IDR depreciates after registering modest gains in the previous day, trading around 17,950 during Asian hours on Tuesday. The Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) gained support against the US Dollar (USD) following comments from Bank Indonesia’s (BI) new chief, Destry Damayanti.

In an interview on Monday, Damayanti emphasized that while the central bank is working in closer synergy with the government to ensure fiscal and monetary policy alignment, BI retains full autonomy over its policy interest rates. She clarified that although government officials attend parts of BI's monthly reviews and she meets with President Prabowo Subianto, the government has no say in monetary decisions, which remain strictly data-dependent, per Reuters.

Addressing market concerns over political interference that have made the rupiah Asia's worst-performing currency, Damayanti reaffirmed BI's absolute authority to adjust interest rates or implement other incentives when needed.

To stabilize the Rupiah after it hit an all-time low in June, BI raised interest rates by a total of 100 basis points across May and June. Rates have since remained unchanged, but BI introduced an innovative discount on foreign exchange hedging instruments—a move that adds up to 40 basis points to foreign investor returns without requiring further rate hikes. Damayanti stated that future tightening remains possible depending on economic data, and noted that Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves stood at an adequate $146.3 billion at the end of September to maintain currency stability.

In a broader effort to reduce reliance on the US Dollar, BI has actively expanded Local Currency Settlement (LCS) agreements with key trade partners, including China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, with a similar deal with India currently in the pipeline. These bilateral agreements have driven exponential growth in local currency transactions, which surged to $49.42 billion by August of this year, nearly double the $25.74 billion recorded in all of last year. Chinese yuan transactions accounted for roughly three-quarters of this total, signaling a significant shift toward regional currency integration.

The USD/IDR pair depreciated as the US Dollar (USD) pulled back from an 18-month high. The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of six major currencies, pulled back to around 102.40 after briefly touching a peak of 102.61. Investors are now looking ahead to crucial economic data, including Wednesday’s US Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Thursday’s Producer Price Index (PPI), to gain clearer insight into the Federal Reserve's rate path. According to the CME FedWatch Tool, pricing suggests roughly an 80% likelihood that the Fed will leave interest rates unchanged at its upcoming meeting, alongside an 88% chance of a rate hike in December.

Interest rates FAQs

Interest rates are charged by financial institutions on loans to borrowers and are paid as interest to savers and depositors. They are influenced by base lending rates, which are set by central banks in response to changes in the economy. Central banks normally have a mandate to ensure price stability, which in most cases means targeting a core inflation rate of around 2%. If inflation falls below target the central bank may cut base lending rates, with a view to stimulating lending and boosting the economy. If inflation rises substantially above 2% it normally results in the central bank raising base lending rates in an attempt to lower inflation.

Higher interest rates generally help strengthen a country’s currency as they make it a more attractive place for global investors to park their money.

Higher interest rates overall weigh on the price of Gold because they increase the opportunity cost of holding Gold instead of investing in an interest-bearing asset or placing cash in the bank. If interest rates are high that usually pushes up the price of the US Dollar (USD), and since Gold is priced in Dollars, this has the effect of lowering the price of Gold.

The Fed funds rate is the overnight rate at which US banks lend to each other. It is the oft-quoted headline rate set by the Federal Reserve at its FOMC meetings. It is set as a range, for example 4.75%-5.00%, though the upper limit (in that case 5.00%) is the quoted figure. Market expectations for future Fed funds rate are tracked by the CME FedWatch tool, which shapes how many financial markets behave in anticipation of future Federal Reserve monetary policy decisions.

Oct 13, 11:53 HKT
Gold advances to $4,200 amid retreating USD; Fed hike bets to cap further gains
  • Gold reverses an Asian session dip to $4,150 amid a modest USD pullback from an 18-month high.
  • A hawkish Fed and geopolitical uncertainties could limit USD losses, capping the precious metal.
  • Traders might opt to wait for the latest US inflation figures and Fed Chair Warsh’s speech.

Gold (XAU/USD) builds on its modest intraday move up and hits a fresh daily high around the $4,200 neighborhood during the Asian session on Tuesday. The US Dollar (USD) retreats from its highest level since April 2025 amid some profit-taking,  offering support to the commodity. However, the US Federal Reserve's (Fed) hawkish stance and escalating Middle East conflicts could limit deeper losses for the safe-haven buck. This should keep the precious metal capped near the top end of a two-week-old trading range, and warrants caution for bullish traders.

The minutes from the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) September 15-16 meeting, released last Wednesday, showed that participants emphasized another quarter-point rate increase could be appropriate before the end of 2026 as inflation remains elevated above the 2% target. Adding to this, Cleveland Fed President Beth Hammack's hawkish comments on Monday reaffirmed market bets that the US central bank will raise borrowing costs by the year-end. Moreover, energy-driven inflation risks underpin prospects for further Fed tightening and keep US bond yields elevated near multi-year highs.

Hammack leans hawkish as inflation mindset fears bolster Dollar

Fed’s Hammack delivered a notably more hawkish tone, with the 8.4/10 FXS Speechtracker score standing well above the 7.5/10 historical average, underscoring a stronger-than-usual bias toward tighter policy. The emphasis on the need for higher interest rates, a restrictive stance to push inflation back to 2%, and concerns that an inflationary mindset is becoming ingrained—amid neutral financial conditions and broad, demand-driven price pressures including from AI—signals a preference for relatively quick, smaller rate moves that keep the policy path firmly skewed toward further tightening, a backdrop typically supportive for the Dollar. Hammack’s focus on clarifying the Fed's reaction function and warning that firms are planning price hikes beyond cost increases reinforces the message that the current trend inflation in the mid-to-high 2% range is still inconsistent with the target, warranting sustained hawkish vigilance.

The FXS Fed Sentiment Index rose by 0.59 points to 138.92, cementing the Fed’s stance deep in hawkish territory and aligning with the elevated FXS Speechtracker score. This upward move well above the neutral 100 mark confirms that recent Fed communication, exemplified by Hammack’s speech, is skewing more decisively toward tighter policy expectations, a configuration that tends to underpin the Dollar against peers.

Meanwhile, the Iran-backed Houthi group in Yemen escalated its campaign against Saudi Arabia and fired more missiles on Monday. This follows deadly strikes on Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport over the weekend, which drew a Saudi vow of retaliation. Moreover, US President Donald Trump raised the possibility of joining strikes on the Houthi group and resuming attacks on Iran. This keeps the geopolitical risk premium in play, which backs the case for the emergence of some dip-buying around the safe-haven Greenback and should keep a lid on any meaningful upside for the Gold.

Traders might also opt to wait for more cues about the Fed's future policy path before placing fresh directional bets. Hence, the focus will remain glued to the release of the latest US inflation figures – Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) on Wednesday and Thursday, respectively. Apart from this, Fed Chair Kevin Warsh's speech at the annual meetings of the IMF and World Bank in Bangkok on Friday would drive the USD and the non-yielding Gold. Nevertheless, the fundamental backdrop suggests that the subsequent move up is more likely to be sold into and remain capped.

US CPI seen as key driver for Fed rate expectations

Analysts at Societe Generale highlight that “the week's main non-geopolitical event comes on Wednesday with the release of US CPI,” which they see as pivotal for near-term Fed pricing. They argue that “if we see a pickup in core inflation to 2.5% (the market consensus), there will be little chance of any shift in market expectations: no rate hike this month, but a very strong chance of one in December and another in Q1.”

XAU/USD 4-hour chart

Chart Analysis XAU/USD

Technical Analysis

The XAU/USD pair remains confined in a two-week-old range, marking a bearish consolidation against the backdrop of a decline from the August monthly swing high. Moreover, the precious metal remains capped below the 100-period Simple Moving Average (SMA) on the 4-hour chart, which validates the near-term negative bias. Moreover, the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator sits marginally in negative territory, hinting at fading upside momentum. Meanwhile, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) near 55 suggests a constructive but modestly cooling bullish tone as the Gold price consolidates beneath the key barrier.

Hence, any subsequent move up might confront initial resistance near the 100-period SMA at $4,204. This is followed by the top boundary of the trading range, around $4,218, with the 61.8% Fibo. retracement at $4,241 forming the next hurdle before a broader supply cluster emerges between the 50.0% retracement at $4,328 and the 38.2% level at $4,415, ahead of the 23.6% retracement at $4,523 and the cycle peak near $4,697. On the downside, immediate support aligns at the 78.6% retracement at $4,117, and a convincing break below would be seen as a fresh trigger for bearish traders, exposing the structural floor around the prior swing low at $3,959.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Fed FAQs

Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.

The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.

In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.

Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.

Oct 13, 13:08 HKT
Indian Rupee gains further on RBI’s fresh measures to lower US Dollar’s demand
  • The Indian Rupee advances further against the US Dollar on RBI’s new measures.
  • India’s retail CPI grew faster than expected in September, bolstering the case for another RBI hike.
  • Fed officials advocate for more interest rate hikes to tame inflation.

The Indian Rupee (INR) extends the Monday’s advance against the US Dollar (USD) on Tuesday, driven by the announcement of fresh Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) US Dollar-related measures to shore up the domestic currency. In the opening session, the USD/INR pair tumbles 0.6% to near 95.00, the lowest level seen in over a month.

RBI unveils broad FX-support package

Analysts at MUFG highlight that the RBI has unveiled a “broad package of measures” to ease pressure on the INR, including “a special dollar window to meet dollar requirements by three state-run oil companies.” They add that the central bank has “stopped the re-booking of any FX derivative contract involving rupee that had been cancelled,” while also “introducing an FX risk reserve requirement on transactions that exceed $2mn,” underscoring a more stringent approach to managing currency risk.

A Reuters report has shown that Chinese authorities also used similar tools previously to discourage one-way bets against the Chinese Yuan (CNY).

Hot India retail CPI figures build case for more RBI hikes

India’s retail Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for September showed on Monday that inflationary pressures grew at a faster-than-expected pace. The CPI data arrived at 5.54% Year-on-Year (YoY), higher than 5.4% estimates and the previous reading of 4.83%. Inflationary pressures have increased significantly due to a significant increase in food prices, but are still within the RBI's tolerance band of 2%-6%.

Economists at Societe Generale point out that “inflation has now risen every month since January and remained above the RBI’s 4% target for four consecutive months,” underscoring that the recent upturn “is no longer merely a temporary food-price disturbance.” They add that “more concerning, however, is the evidence that inflation is becoming increasingly broad-based,” with price pressures extending beyond volatile food components. Against this backdrop, Societe Generale notes that “with the RBI projecting inflation at 6.0% in 3QFY27 and 5.7% in 4QFY27, the September print strengthens the case that the October rate increase marks the beginning, rather than the end, of the tightening cycle.”

US CPI data in focus

This week, the US CPI data for September is expected to have a significant influence on the US Dollar. The data on Wednesday will likely show that the headline inflation rose to 3.7% Year-on-Year (YoY) from 3.4% in August. The core CPI – which excludes volatile food and energy items – is seen arriving at 2.5% YoY, higher than the previous reading of 2.4%.

The inflation data is expected to impact the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) interest rate expectations. Fed officials have already signaled more interest rate hikes, warning of persistent inflation risks.

Hammack leans hawkish as inflation mindset fears bolster Dollar

Fed’s Hammack delivered a notably more hawkish tone, with the 8.4/10 FXS Speechtracker score standing well above the 7.5/10 historical average, underscoring a stronger-than-usual push for tighter policy. The emphasis on the need for higher interest rates, a restrictive stance to secure the 2% target, and concern that an inflationary mindset is becoming ingrained—amid neutral financial conditions and broad, demand-driven price pressures including from AI—signals a preference for swift, smaller rate moves to reinforce the Fed’s anti-inflation credibility. Hammack’s focus on clarifying the reaction function and warning that firms are planning price hikes beyond cost increases points to a Fed bias toward further tightening, a backdrop that is typically supportive for the Dollar and negative for risk-sensitive currencies.

The FXS Fed Sentiment Index rose by 0.59 points to 138.92, reinforcing that the overall Fed tone remains firmly in hawkish territory, well above the neutral 100 threshold. The combination of an elevated index level and an above-baseline FXS Speechtracker score suggests that recent Fed communication, exemplified by Hammack, continues to lean toward tighter policy, a configuration that tends to underpin the Dollar while weighing on the Euro and other major peers.

USD/INR Technical Analysis

In the daily chart, USD/INR trades at 95.28. The pair remains under near-term bearish pressure as price holds below the 20-period exponential moving average (EMA) at 96.02, keeping the short-term trend capped.

The Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 37.8 stays below the neutral 50 line, hinting that bearish momentum is still in play, even though the market is not yet in oversold territory.

On the topside, immediate resistance is located at the 20-period EMA near 96.03, and a sustained break above this barrier would be needed to ease the current downside bias and open the way for further recovery. Looking down, the pair could extend its decline towards the September low near 94.30.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Indian Rupee FAQs

The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.

Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.

Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.

Oct 13, 13:01 HKT
WTI Price Forecast: Trades with modest losses below $92.00; bullish bias persists
  • WTI struggles to capitalize on a three-day uptrend, though the downside seems limited.
  • The geopolitical risk premium remains in play, limiting the downside for the black liquid.
  • The bullish technical setup backs the case for the emergence of dip-buyers at lower levels.

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) – the benchmark US Crude Oil price – attracts fresh sellers during the Asian session on Tuesday, snapping a three-day winning streak to a two-week high, touched the previous day. The black liquid currently trades around the $91.75 region, down over 0.70% for the day, though the downside seems cushioned amid escalating Middle East conflicts.

The Iran-backed Houthi group in Yemen escalated its campaign against Saudi Arabia and fired more missiles on Monday. This follows deadly strikes on Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport over the weekend, which drew a Saudi vow of retaliation. Moreover, US President Donald Trump raised the possibility of joining strikes on the Houthi group and resuming attacks on Iran.

Meanwhile, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy accused Russia of violating an "energy ceasefire" announced by U.S. President Donald Trump. This keeps the geopolitical risk premium in play and should act as a tailwind for crude oil prices, warranting caution for bearish traders before confirming that the recent bounce from an over one-month low has run out of steam.

From a technical perspective, oil prices hold comfortably above the 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at $82.75, retaining a constructive bullish bias despite the latest pullback. Moreover, the black liquid sits just over the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement at $91.27, suggesting an initial demand zone around the current area amid mixed momentum indicators on the daily chart.

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) remains slightly below zero and hints at fading upside momentum, while the Relative Strength Index (RSI) near 52 reinforces a neutral-to-positive tone, indicating that bullish pressure persists but is no longer overstretched. Hence, weakness below the 38.2% Fibo. is needed to back the case for a further depreciating move.

This is followed by deeper Fibonacci floors at $87.85 and $84.43, with the 78.6% level at $79.57 and the prior cycle low at $73.37 marking more distant structural demand. On the topside, a break above the 23.6% Fibo. retracement at $95.49 would reopen the path toward the cycle high area near $102.33, which is likely to cap gains unless momentum meaningfully improves.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

WTI daily chart

Chart Analysis WTI US OIL

WTI Oil FAQs

WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media.

Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa.

The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency.

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

Oct 13, 13:00 HKT
Swiss Franc strengthens as US Dollar Index pulls back from 18-month highs
  • USD/CHF dips as the US Dollar retreats after reaching 18-month highs ahead of key US inflation data.
  • Escalating Middle East conflict and drone strikes in Saudi Arabia could quickly boost safe-haven USD demand.
  • The Swiss Franc may struggle as the SNB holds rates at 0%, contrasting with global central bank tightening.

USD/CHF declines after registering modest gains the previous day, trading around 0.8330 during Asian hours on Tuesday. The currency pair depreciated as the US Dollar (USD) pulled back from an 18-month high.

The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of six major currencies, pulled back to around 102.40 after briefly touching a peak of 102.61. Investors are now looking ahead to crucial economic data, including Wednesday’s US Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Thursday’s Producer Price Index (PPI), to gain clearer insight into the Federal Reserve's rate path. According to the CME FedWatch Tool, pricing suggests roughly an 80% likelihood that the Fed will leave interest rates unchanged at its upcoming meeting, alongside an 88% chance of a rate hike in December.

Despite the temporary retreat, the US Dollar could quickly regain upside momentum on safe-haven demand, driven by escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. A recent deadly strike on Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport prompted the Saudi-led coalition to confirm ongoing drone and missile attacks from Yemen's Iran-backed Houthis. In response, Yemen’s Armed Forces issued a stark warning that no Saudi airspace or airports, except for Mecca and Medina, are safe. Alongside these regional risks, market participants are monitoring potential shifts in global energy supply, including prospects for increased Russian diesel exports and a potential Russia-Ukraine energy ceasefire.

However, the USD/CHF pair may find support as the Swiss Franc (CHF) faces headwinds from ongoing short positions. This relative weakness stems from divergent monetary policy expectations: while major global central banks continue their tightening cycles, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) maintains a markedly dovish stance. The SNB opted to keep its key interest rate at 0% during its September meeting. Reinforcing this posture, Vice Chairman Antoine Martin noted that no rate adjustments are currently required, citing low, stable inflation and minimal spillover risks as key indicators of a healthy Swiss economy.

USD/CHF seen consolidating as UOB maintains range-trading view

Strategists at UOB Group retain a neutral, range-bound stance on USD/CHF over the coming weeks. Referring back to their early October call, they note that the Dollar “has likely entered a range-trading phase between 0.8245 and 0.8365.” With price swings having moderated since then, UOB adds that “while volatility has eased, we continue to hold the same view for now,” underscoring expectations for consolidation rather than a decisive break in either direction.

Technical Analysis:

In the daily chart, USD/CHF trades at 0.8330, holding a bullish near-term bias as spot remains above both the short-term and medium-term Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs). The nine-period EMA at 0.8318 and the 50-period EMA at 0.8202 sit beneath price, suggesting a supported upside structure after the latest recovery from the low-0.82 area. Momentum stays constructive, with the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 62.3, hinting that buyers retain control without yet venturing into overbought territory.

On the downside, initial support aligns with the recent pivot around 0.8333, followed by the nine-period EMA at 0.8318 and then the deeper structural floor at the 50-period EMA near 0.8202. With no immediate resistance levels from the current indicator set overhead, the pair would likely face selling interest only on approach to prior swing highs, while a clear break below 0.8318 would start to weaken the bullish tone and expose the 0.8202 region.

Chart Analysis USD/CHF
USD/CHF: Daily Chart

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Swiss Franc FAQs

The Swiss Franc (CHF) is Switzerland’s official currency. It is among the top ten most traded currencies globally, reaching volumes that well exceed the size of the Swiss economy. Its value is determined by the broad market sentiment, the country’s economic health or action taken by the Swiss National Bank (SNB), among other factors. Between 2011 and 2015, the Swiss Franc was pegged to the Euro (EUR). The peg was abruptly removed, resulting in a more than 20% increase in the Franc’s value, causing a turmoil in markets. Even though the peg isn’t in force anymore, CHF fortunes tend to be highly correlated with the Euro ones due to the high dependency of the Swiss economy on the neighboring Eurozone.

The Swiss Franc (CHF) is considered a safe-haven asset, or a currency that investors tend to buy in times of market stress. This is due to the perceived status of Switzerland in the world: a stable economy, a strong export sector, big central bank reserves or a longstanding political stance towards neutrality in global conflicts make the country’s currency a good choice for investors fleeing from risks. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen CHF value against other currencies that are seen as more risky to invest in.

The Swiss National Bank (SNB) meets four times a year – once every quarter, less than other major central banks – to decide on monetary policy. The bank aims for an annual inflation rate of less than 2%. When inflation is above target or forecasted to be above target in the foreseeable future, the bank will attempt to tame price growth by raising its policy rate. Higher interest rates are generally positive for the Swiss Franc (CHF) as they lead to higher yields, making the country a more attractive place for investors. On the contrary, lower interest rates tend to weaken CHF.

Macroeconomic data releases in Switzerland are key to assessing the state of the economy and can impact the Swiss Franc’s (CHF) valuation. The Swiss economy is broadly stable, but any sudden change in economic growth, inflation, current account or the central bank’s currency reserves have the potential to trigger moves in CHF. Generally, high economic growth, low unemployment and high confidence are good for CHF. Conversely, if economic data points to weakening momentum, CHF is likely to depreciate.

As a small and open economy, Switzerland is heavily dependent on the health of the neighboring Eurozone economies. The broader European Union is Switzerland’s main economic partner and a key political ally, so macroeconomic and monetary policy stability in the Eurozone is essential for Switzerland and, thus, for the Swiss Franc (CHF). With such dependency, some models suggest that the correlation between the fortunes of the Euro (EUR) and the CHF is more than 90%, or close to perfect.

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